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| 1815 |
| | | The Spanish recover Bogotá yet again and Bolívar flees into exile in Jamaica | |
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| 1816 |
| | | The independence of Argentina is formally proclaimed, dropping any pretence of remaining loyal to the Spanish king | |
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| 1817 |
| | | San Martín and O'Higgins lead an army through the Andes into Chile and capture Santiago | |
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| 1817 |
| | | O'Higgins is elected the 'supreme director' of independent Chile after San Martín declines the post | |
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| 1817 |
| | | Bolívar returns to Venezuela and builds up an army of liberation in a remote region up the Orinoco | |
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| 1817 |
| | | Bernardo O'Higgins introduces liberal reforms in Chile, reducing the privileges of aristocracy and church | |
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| 1818 |
| | | Thomas Cochrane arrives in Valparaiso to take command of the Chilean navy | |
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| 1819 |
| | | Bolívar marches his army across the Andes, captures Bogotá and proclaims the republic of Gran Colombia | |
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| 1820 |
| | | The newly independent republic of Argentina takes possession of Las Islas Malvinas (the Falklands) | |
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| 1821 |
| | | The 22-year-old Portuguese prince, Dom Pedro, is made regent of Brazil | |
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